On August 14, 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared mpox a “public health emergency of international concern” (PHEIC). This decision was made after a group of health experts reviewed the increasing number of mpox cases, especially in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and other African countries.

What is a PHEIC?

A PHEIC is a serious health event that can affect many countries and requires a coordinated global response. It is defined under the International Health Regulations (IHR) as an unusual event that could spread to other countries and requires international cooperation.

Understanding Mpox

Mpox, caused by a virus, was first found in humans in 1970 and is common in Central and West Africa. The WHO previously declared mpox a global emergency in July 2022 due to an outbreak that ended in May 2023.

Current Situation

The DRC has seen a sharp rise in mpox cases, with over 15,600 cases and 537 deaths this year. A new strain of the virus, called clade 1b, has emerged and is spreading quickly in the DRC and nearby countries like Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda—places where mpox was not reported before.

Response Strategies

Two vaccines are currently recommended for mpox and have been approved by various countries. The WHO has provided US$ 1.45 million to support immediate response efforts, with more funding expected as the situation develops. An estimated US$ 15 million will be needed to improve surveillance and preparedness activities.

More About Mpox

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral disease found mainly in central and west Africa. It was first identified in laboratory monkeys in 1958 but mostly spreads through rodents. Symptoms include fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, and it often resembles smallpox but with a shorter incubation period of about 7-14 days. The disease can spread from person to person through respiratory droplets and bodily fluids. The WHO declared it a public health emergency in 2022. A smallpox vaccine can offer some protection.

More About International Health Regulations (IHR)

The International Health Regulations (IHR) were first adopted in 1969 and updated in 2005. They aim to improve global health security by managing disease outbreaks. The IHR applies to 196 countries, including all WHO member states. They require certain diseases to be reported within 24 hours. The regulations also promote a “One Health” approach, which links human, animal, and environmental health. The IHR provides a framework for emergency response and public health capabilities. Surveillance systems are essential, and compliance is monitored through annual reports.