The Maharashtra government has officially designated the ancient geoglyphs and petroglyphs in Ratnagiri as protected monuments. This decision is part of their efforts to preserve these important cultural artifacts, which are now safeguarded under the Maharashtra Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act of 1960. This action responds to the growing concerns about the preservation of these significant historical sites.

What Are Geoglyphs and Petroglyphs?

Geoglyphs and petroglyphs are forms of ancient art that date back thousands of years, to a period known as the Mesolithic era. Geoglyphs are large-scale designs or patterns carved into the earth’s surface, while petroglyphs are images or symbols carved into rock. These artworks often depict animals, human figures, and footprints, offering a window into the lives and creativity of prehistoric people.

Location and Significance

In Ratnagiri, there are over 1,500 of these ancient artworks scattered across approximately 70 different sites. Together, they cover a protected area of 210 square meters. Seven of these sites are so significant that they are included on UNESCO’s tentative World Heritage list.

• Petroglyphs: In places like Deud, these rock carvings date back between 20,000 and 10,000 years ago. They feature images of animals such as rhinos, deer, and monkeys, showcasing the artistic abilities of early humans.
• Geoglyphs: These earthworks extend along the 900 km Konkan coast. Ratnagiri is especially important because it has the highest concentration of geoglyphs in both Maharashtra and Goa. These designs, often in the form of spirals and linear patterns, cover large areas and demonstrate the advanced understanding of landscape by ancient cultures.

Cultural Importance

UNESCO recognizes these rock art collections as crucial examples of prehistoric human expression. They are not only valuable for their artistic merit but also for what they reveal about ancient ecosystems and the diverse life forms that once existed. These artworks are essential for understanding our natural and cultural heritage. However, there are concerns that a proposed oil refinery in Barsu could threaten these irreplaceable heritage sites, potentially causing permanent damage to Ratnagiri’s geoglyphs and petroglyphs.

The Maharashtra Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1960

The Maharashtra Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act was created to protect the state’s cultural heritage. This law helps identify and conserve ancient sites and monuments, especially those over 100 years old. It regulates unauthorized excavation and gives the government the power to designate certain areas as protected. Violations of this act can lead to fines or imprisonment. Additionally, the act encourages heritage tourism, aiming to educate people about Maharashtra’s rich history while preserving these cultural treasures.

More About Geoglyphs

The Maharashtra Geoglyphs, mainly found in the K’gadi hills, are ancient earthworks that date back between 5,000 and 2,000 years. Covering an area of over 1,000 square kilometers, these geoglyphs feature intricate patterns, such as spirals and linear designs. First discovered in 2008, they are believed to have been created by prehistoric cultures, possibly for rituals or navigation. Made from soil and stones, their exact purpose is still debated, but they clearly reflect the advanced understanding of the landscape by the region’s ancient inhabitants.

More About Petroglyphs

The Maharashtra petroglyphs, which date back to around 20,000 BCE, are ancient rock carvings primarily found in the Western Ghats. Notable sites include Bhimbetka and the Konkan region. These carvings often depict animals, human figures, and scenes related to rituals and daily life, providing a glimpse into the prehistoric lifestyle and hunting practices of the time. Some of these petroglyphs, especially those in places like the Jain caves and Ajanta, are known for their intricate carvings related to Buddhism. The Bhimbetka caves, a UNESCO World Heritage site, show evidence of early human habitation and artistic expression. These petroglyphs are not just artistic expressions but also serve as historical records, helping us understand the cultural practices, beliefs, and ways of life of the people who lived in this region thousands of years ago.