Isak Chisi Swu, who for decades spearheaded a bloody insurgency in Nagaland before shaking hands with New Delhi, died after months of battling a kidney ailment. He was admitted to the hospital on July 5 last year for a series of surgeries including for urinary tract infection that confined him to bed for months.

His illness prevented Isak Swu from attending the signing of a historic Naga Peace Accord on August 3, 2015 between the NSCN-IM and the Indian government at Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s residence. Isak Swu was a co-founder of the NSCN – often dubbed the mother of all insurgent groups in the country – in 1980 along with long-time Naga comrades Thuingaleng Muivah and S.S. Khaplang.

The NSCN was formed to protest the Shillong Accord signed between the Indian government and the Naga National Council (NNC). But differences cropped up within the NSCN after some time, leading to the departure of Khaplang, who formed his own group, the NSCN-K. This group is still at war with India.

A former member of the NNC, Isak Swu was born in 1929 in Chishilimi Naga village in Zunheboto district of Nagaland. He took early education at the American Mission School at Chishilimi and the Government High School at Kohima. He graduated in Political Science from St. Anthony’s College in Shillong. He joined the underground in the late 1950s. He was the foreign secretary of the NNC before being elevated as its vice president.

Isak Swu’s death comes at a time when the NSCN-IM and the Indian government are still negotiating for a final conclusion of the Naga Peace Accord.

The Naga insurgency is India’s oldest and is known to have received at various times financial and other support from Pakistan, China and the US.