On August 14, 2024, India added three new wetlands to its list of Ramsar Sites, bringing the total to 85. The new sites are the Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary and Kazhuveli Bird Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu, and Tawa Reservoir in Madhya Pradesh. This expansion highlights India’s dedication to protecting vital ecosystems.

What are Ramsar Sites?

Ramsar Sites are special wetlands recognized under the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat. This international treaty, signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971, aims to protect wetlands that provide essential ecological benefits.

India’s Involvement

India joined the Ramsar Convention in 1981 and has steadily increased the number of its Ramsar Sites. As of 2024, these sites in India cover about 1,358,068 hectares.

Definition of Wetlands

The treaty broadly defines wetlands to include lakes, rivers, swamps, marshes, and coastal areas. However, in India, some water bodies like artificial reservoirs and paddy fields are not included in Ramsar listings.

Ecological Importance

Wetlands are crucial for providing services like freshwater supply, flood control, climate change mitigation, and supporting biodiversity. They are home to many species, especially water birds that use these areas for nesting and feeding.

Threats to Wetlands

Despite their importance, wetlands are under threat from urbanization and overuse. When these ecosystems degrade, the services they provide and the species that depend on them are put at risk.

Newly Designated Ramsar Sites

1. Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary: Located in Tamil Nadu, this 125.865-hectare lake supports over 191 bird species and helps recharge groundwater.
2. Kazhuveli Bird Sanctuary: Spanning 5,151.6 hectares, this brackish water area is a stopover for migratory birds and contributes to aquifer recharge.
3. Tawa Reservoir: Covering 20,050 hectares in Madhya Pradesh, this reservoir supports irrigation, power generation, aquaculture, and is vital for many endangered species.

Current Ramsar Site Distribution

Tamil Nadu has the most Ramsar Sites in India with 18, followed by Uttar Pradesh with 10. This spread shows the diversity and ecological importance of wetlands across different regions of India.

More About Ramsar Sites

Ramsar Sites are globally recognized wetlands, designated under the Ramsar Convention of 1971 for their ecological importance. There are over 2,400 Ramsar Sites worldwide, covering more than 2.5 million square kilometers. The term “Ramsar” comes from the city in Iran where the convention was signed. Although wetlands make up about 6% of the Earth’s surface, they support 40% of all plant and animal species. These sites play a key role in conserving biodiversity and capturing carbon.