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Reading Comprehension is the toughest part in English. The below passage is High Level RC. Practice it. Share with your friends.
Expert Tip : Before Reading the passage, read all the questions once. It helps a lot.
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Comprehension
After evidence was obtained in 1920s that the universe is expanding, it became reasonable to ask: will the universe continue to expand indefinitely, or is these enough mass in it for the mutual attraction of its constituents to bring this expansions to a halt? It can be calculated that the critical density of matter needed to break the expansion and ‘close’ the universe, is equivalent to three hydrogen atoms cubic meter.
But the density of the observable universe luminous matter in the form of galaxies- comes to only fraction of this. If the expansion of the universe is to stop, there must be enough invisible matter in the universe to exceed the luminous matter in density by a factor of roughly 70.
Our contribution to the search for this ” missing matter’ has been to study the rotational velocity of galaxies at various has been to the study rotational velocity of galaxies at various distances from their centre of rotation. It has been known for some time that outside the bright nucleus of a typical spiral galaxy luminous falls off rapidly with distance from the centre.
If luminously is a true indicator of mass, most of the mass would be concentrated towards the centre. outside the nucleus the rotational velocity would decrease geometrically with the distances from centre, in conformity with Kepler’s law. Instead we have found the rotational velocity in spiral galaxies either remains constant with increasing distance from the centre of increasing slightly. This unexpected result indicates that the falloff in luminous mass with distance from the centre is balanced by increase in non-luminous mass.
Our findings suggest that as much as 90 percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wavelength with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth. Such dark matter could be could be in the form of extremely dim stars of low mass of large planets like Jupiter, or of black holes, either small or massive. While it has not yet been determined with whether this mass is sufficient to “close” the universe, some physicist consider it significant that estimates are converging on the critical value.
1.The author’s suggestion that ” as much as 9. percent of the mass of the universe is not radiating at any wavelength with enough intensity to be detected on the Earth”(last para)would be most weakened if which of the following were discovered to be true?
a) The density of the observable universe is greater than most previous estimates have suggested.
b) The bright nucleus of a typical spiral galaxy also contains some non luminous matter.
c)Some galaxies do not rotate or rotate too slowly for their rotational velocity to be measured.
d) Spiral galaxies are less common than types of galaxies that contain non luminous matter.
2. The passage is primarily concerned with a) Summarizing research findings b) Criticizing an accepted view c) Defending a controversial approach d) Contrasting competing theories
3. The author’s study indicates that, in comparison with the outermost regions of a typical spiral galaxy, the region just outside the nucleus can be characterized as having a) Similar rotational velocity and similar luminosity b) Lower rotational velocity and lower luminosity c) Lower rotational velocity and higher luminosity d) Similar rotational velocity and higher luminosity
4. It can be inferred from the information presented in the passage that if the denisty of the universe were equivalent to significantly less than three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter, which of the following would be true as a consequence? a) The density of the visible matter in the universe would have to be more than 70 times the density of the luminous matter. b) Different region in spiral galaxies would rotate at the same velocity. c) The universe would continue to expand indefinitely. d) Luminous would be true indicator of mass.
5. The author proposes all of the following as a possibly contributing to the “missing matter” in spiral galaxies Except a) Small, dim stars b) Massive stars c) Massive black holes d) Large Planets
6. The passage suggests that the results of the authors’ study have changed their idea about which of the following characteristics of Spiral galaxies? I. The relative luminosity of different regions II. The different rotational velocity of different region III. The relative distribution of matter in different regions a) I only b) II only c) I an II only d) II and III only
7. What does luminous means? a) transparent b) Shining c) universal d) None of the above
8. What does Converging means? a) Cross b) evolve c) Slice d) Protect
9. What does Converging means? a) Cross b) evolve c) Slice d) Protect
10. Give the antonym of Radiate? a) Emit b) Gleam c) Separate d) dull
